Essay --

L'à ®le Sainte-Hà ©là ¨ne est situà ©e au milieu de l'Atlantique Sud, à   1930 km des cà ´tes africaines soit à   1900 km de l'Angola et à   3500 km du Brà ©sil. C'est un petit territoire de 410 km ² constituant un territoire britannique d'outre-mer. Napolà ©on Ier, l’Empereur dà ©chu pour les Franà §ais, le gà ©nà ©ral Buonaparte pour les Anglais, ne và ©cut que six annà ©es sur l’à ®lot rocheux de Sainte-Hà ©là ¨ne, bien loin du thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre de sa vie. Pourtant, ces annà ©es d’isolement et de retraite forcà ©e furent certainement la pà ©riode de son existence la plus riche en matià ¨re de bibliographie. Cette premià ¨re partie d’une bibliographie qui en comptera trois, dresse la liste des à ©crits produits durant les annà ©es d’exil et le retour des Cendres. Ce fut tout d’abord le temps des mà ©moires dictà ©s à   ses compagnons d’exil, dans lesquels Napolà ©on imposa à   la postà ©rità © son interprà ©tation des faits. De l’arrivà ©e à   Portsmouth à   l’agonie, les tà ©moins, qu’ils soient Franà §ais ou Anglais, fidà ¨les parmi les fidà ¨les ou simples visiteurs, eurent à   cÅ“ur de livrer leurs impressions. Leurs tà ©moignages sont multiples et permettent de dresser le dà ©cor et de voir vivre les protagonistes de l’histoire. L’à ©loignement gà ©ographique ne signifia pas l’oubli et le dà ©sintà ©rà ªt de l’Europe pour Napolà ©on. Le sujet restait brà »lant et les mà ©moires vives. Les libraires proposaient de nombreux ouvrages, des compilations et adaptations des textes de Sainte-Hà ©là ¨ne, des descriptions de l’à ®le et tout un fatras de poà ¨mes, odes et pamphlets sur l’homme qui s’imposa sur le continent pendant quinze ans. Enterrà © au Val des Gà ©raniums, sous une simple dalle sans mention de son nom, Napolà ©on ne pouvait rester anonyme. En 1840, une frà ©gate franà §aise aborda l’à ®le pour procà ©der à   la translation des Cendres vers Paris et les... ...ivant dans un pays aux frontià ¨res amputà ©es depuis 1815, de nombreux Franà §ais se souvinrent avec regret des grands moments de l’à ©poque impà ©riale. Alors que de nombreuses lithographies à ©taient diffusà ©es, nombreux furent ceux qui oublià ¨rent le despote, se remà ©morant l’homme qui avait prit Vienne, Berlin, Madrid et Moscou. Le corps de Napolà ©on, enterrà © sur l’à ®le de Sainte Hà ©là ¨ne, fut finalement rapatrià © à   Paris en 1840. Il fut alors installà © aux Invalides, oà ¹ l’on peut encore l’y trouver aujourd’hui. Depuis le XIX ° sià ¨cle, le destin de Napolà ©on n’en finit pas de fasciner et d’exciter les esprits : Empereur à   35 ans, maà ®tre de l’Europe à   43 ans, mort en exil à   52 ans. Ainsi, l’on estime qu’il fut statistiquement publià © un livre par jour parlant de Napolà ©on depuis le jour de son dà ©cà ¨s. Aujourd’hui encore, Napolà ©on reste l’homme le plus connu au monde aprà ¨s Jà ©sus Christ†¦

Privatized Public Beaches in Lebanon

Privatized public beaches in Lebanon OutlineI. IntroductionII. Causes of privatising public beachesA. Political groundsB. Economic groundsIII. Effectss of privatising public beachesA. Addition in monetary valuesB. Private beaches considered publicDecision IV Beachs in Lebanon have been used through old ages for several grounds. The Lebanese jurisprudence provinces, like any other state in the universe, that entree to the beach should be free and unfastened to everyone ( †¦ .. ) . This fact did non censor some of the powerful Lebanese people to privatise these public beaches. † Over 10 1000000s of metres of lands historically classified as Mashaa’ ( repossessing public belongingss ) , in add-on to public belongingss which some are State-owned, such as sea and rivers, were conquered over the last coevalss † ( Safadi, 2012 ) claimed the Lebanese curate of finance. This support took topographic point in order to build an model for economic system that would to boot downgrade the construct of public countries and the public good, stressing much more on private involvements. This type of devastation erased landscaped countries, beaches, agricultural lands and to the full eliminated celebrated markets and popular histori cal edifices. Not merely this, but it besides changed many topographic points that were full of memories, which must be preserved. Privatizing beaches have been turning improbably fast with clip. New epicurean beach resorts are turning like mushrooms all along the seashore, with all types of swimming pools and fancy Jacuzzis right at the seafront whereas barmans functioning cocktails in the center of bars inside the pools to sounds of loud music. This state of affairs has ne'er been inexistent, on the contrary nowadays through most of the clip really soundless and in different fortunes. Political intercessions were one of the chief causes of feeding this job. The beach has been â€Å"privatized † from all waies, from north to south. This denationalization does non profit the national exchequer nevertheless, it increases unusually the income of politicians who took over these beaches. A broad figure of these shores in Jounieh, Gieh, Jbeil and many other parts in Lebanon are transformed into Luxury resorts barely accessible by a few figure of the population. Even though this denationalization has several negative facets, it is still present in our state since political figures and parties are endorsing this type of work, even more, they are the proprietors of such undertakings. Despite the bad effects they can hold on the environment, they still prefer to up lift their ain benefit on top of any other topic. Their chief intent is to raise the biggest sum of money possible. Other than the political grounds that contribute in enlarging this subject, economical gro unds besides play an of import function. The proprietors of these topographic points hide behind touristry while supporting their work, as if taking over the populace had become an of import portion in enlarging the tourers activities. They claim that tourers are attracted to epicurean edifices and resorts therefore the topographic points are being built under the rubric of leisure and comfort. They try to do it as epicurean and every bit large as possible and in parallel raise the monetary values. In this instance, merely the rich category benefit. In contrary to what is thought to be done, these topographic points have more to veto than positive on touristry. The monetary values are increasing with the old ages making unaffordable rates that alternatively of pulling tourers forcing them off. Not merely these causes have erased the public beaches in Lebanon, but besides it created several economical effects and beaches that are considered populace could still be private. Thousands of Lebanese delay for summer season so they can get away the concrete metropolis to pass the twenty-four hours at the beach. However, in Lebanon there are now merely a few metres of seashore designated as public beaches. A big subdivision of Lebanese can no longer dunk their pess into the sea along their huge coastline. This fact is due to the improbably high monetary values imposed by the private sector, which even increases from weekdays to weekends. There are really few picks now: 250 beach nines are the lone manner the Lebanese can entree the sea. Not merely this, but every twelvemonth, the monetary values of entry rise and every twelvemonth. For illustration, for a Lebanese household to pass a twenty-four hours at the beach today, the cost scope would be from 100 000 L.L. to 200 000 L.L. Th is is the instance of a five members household merely. This is of class without factoring in the monetary value of H2O, nutrient, and drinks, because most beach nines employ people to seek bags upon entry, so that non even a bag of french friess enters the nine. Everything has to be bought indoors. Normally in resorts outside the capital, the monetary values are lower since the clients are largely locals but still sometimes unaffordable to many of the population. Harmonizing to the alleged nine proprietors, this addition in monetary value is explained and necessary. It is mentioned that the cost of Diesel, the addition in the rewards and conveyance costs of the employees, the rise in supplying electricity under the current terrible rationing agenda, and the rise in monetary values of stuffs to clean the pools have been factors to set these high monetary values. One specific illustration is about electricity being indispensable, â€Å"from air conditioning, pool filters, to the kitc hen and lighting. With the rise in the monetary value of Diesel, the cost of runing the generator has risen to $ 15,000 a month.† In add-on to the cited antecedently, the effects of privatising beaches have lead us back to many old ages earlier. During the war period, while some of the Lebanese people were excessively busy killing each other, others were clearly caught by something else. Stealing sand from the populace was at that place chief concern. They siphoned off 1000s of dozenss of sand, 10s of 1000s of trucks, possibly more, were sold off. Al-Akhbar estimations that one truckload of sand is deserving 400USD today. Let’s assume it was merely 300 or 200USD back so, that’s 1000000s if non one million millions of dollars stolen from the people. It is really likely presents to see a private belongings a public 1. Even while purchasing a land at the sea, it might be uncomplete whereas portion of it is really the sea due to the enlargement of lands. On the other manus, due to the immense sum of sand stolen in the yesteryear, the shore bound back so was manner more advanced in the sea. In this peculiar instance, the sea lawfully begins at the border of that unnaturally reclaimed piece of land. So much sand has disappeared, that the sea moved inland and is technically portion of the land being rented or bought. In decision, privatized beaches are present all around the universe. However, in other states than Lebanon, there is a replacing for the private topographic points. In Lebanon, the private is taking over the public illicitly due to political grounds and economical intents. The effects of the subject are enlarging, monetary values are increasing and private lands are considered private. Mentions:Mashaa’ collective, 2013,Reclaiming the parks in Beirut,retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arteeast.org/2013/10/20/reclaiming-the-seashore-through-art-and-activism/Lahoud C. , 2012,A call to weaponries to assist Lebanon’s seashore,the day-to-day star, retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Books/2012/Feb-08/162529-a-call-to-arms-to-help-lebanons-coast.ashx # axzz32C6fD5wtGino, 2012,Why Some Beach Resorts in Lebanon Are Completely Legal,retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //thelaw.com/2012/07/03/why-some-beach-resorts-in-lebanon-are-completely-legal/Beach blockers,2011, retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //now.mmedia.me/lb/en/reportsfeatures/beach_blockersAbouzaki R. , 2012,Lebanon’s Beachs: Sand Castles for the Richretrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //english.al-akhbar.com/node/85131

Essay on The Code of Hammurabi - 951 Words

The â€Å"Code of Hammurabi† is considered to be one of the most valuable finds of human existence. In fact its very existence created the basis for the justice system we have come to rely on today. The creation of â€Å"the Code† was a tremendous achievement for not only Babylonian society but for the entire Mesopotamian region as King Hammurabi was ruler over all of that area. Its conception can be considered to be the first culmination of the laws of different regions into a single, logical text. Hammurabi wanted to be an efficient ruler and realized that this could be achieved through the use of a common set of laws which applied to all territories and all citizens who fell under his rule. This paper will discuss the Hammurabi Code and the†¦show more content†¦Hammurabi improved on the measures implemented by Sargon through his idea of â€Å"centralization†. Instead of controlling trade routes and resources like Sargon, Hammurabi institutionalized re gular taxation for all the territories. Hammurabi also ruled from within Babylon while extending his authority to other territories through the use of deputies placed in each territory. (Bentley and Zeigler, p. 29) In regards to the Hammurabi Code of Law, Hammurabi claimed that the gods had picked him to â€Å"promote the welfare of the people †¦to cause justice to prevail in the land, to destroy the wicked and evil, so that the strong might not oppress the weak†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His intention was to hold those under his rule accountable for their actions and inspire â€Å"appropriate behaviors†. In fact, according to literature, the code functioned on the principle of â€Å"lex talionis† which basically translates as the â€Å"law of retaliation†. The idea was that the punishment would fit the crime, at least in theory. Similar to today’s laws, individual judges were allowed discretion and did not always follow the code specifically. Never the less, the code was always utilized as a reference for solution. (Bentley and Zeigler, p. 30) The code prescribed punishment for various crimes to include lying, stealing, kidnapping, murder, fraud and bribery with the highest punishment of death being recommended for many actions considered to be criminal. Such crimes includedShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Hammurabi Code896 Words   |  4 Pagesof Hammurabi. He continued his reign up until 1792 B.C. but most importantly his reign did not go unforgotten. During his reign he was in charge of giving punishments to the wrongdoings of his citizens. As he conquered other cities and his empire grew he saw the need to unify groups he controlled, he was concerned about keeping order in his kingdom. In order to achieve this goal, he needed one universal set of laws for all the people he conquered thus he created the Hammurabi code. The code of HammurabiRead MoreHammurabi Code4163 Words   |  17 PagesTable of Contents: I. Introduction: 1.1 Who is Hammurabi?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦2 3 1.2 Where did he live? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 4 1.3 The beginning of the Code†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.4 5 II. Cultural Analysis: 2.1 Social Layers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 6 7 2.2 Existed Laws .............................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 2.3 Different Cultures†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 III. Explanation of the Laws: 3.1 Examples of Laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9Read MoreComparison Between The Code Of Hammurabi And Hammurabi1045 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion arises. Those two laws are The Code of Hammurabi and the Bibles laws. Hammurabi’s legal code (The Code of Hammurabi) was established between 1894 and 1595 B.C. (Barratt et al., 2017). The Code of Hammurabi was a set of 282 laws dealing with a wide variety of interactions, and an epilogue filled with curses applying to anyone in the future who may change, efface, or subvent Hammurabi’s divinely ordained legislation (Cook 3). The Code of Hammurabi may have shown fairness to a degree, butRead MoreEssay on The Code of Hammurabi1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Code of Hammurabi An eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth. That is what the Code of Hammurabi is trying to get across. After reading the Code, all I could think about was What if that is what the laws were like now in the United States? I dont think that the people would act in the manner that they do now. I believe that the codes would be useful in a way but they are also not very realistic if u really think about it. If we used the codes today in the United States I think that thereRead MoreLaw Code of Hammurabi966 Words   |  4 PagesLaw Code of Hammurabi Formerly a region of much conflict, the Babylonian Kingdom unified Sumerian and Akkadian city-states under King Hammurabi. King Hammurabi was the first king of Babylon, he reigned from 1792-1750 B.C.E. (Arts and Culture).During his reign Babylon became a great metropolis. Hammurabi’s code was a legal document that is today considered not only the earliest known written body of laws, but also historic art. The law codes are inscribed on to a stele, which is a slab of stoneRead MoreHammurabi and Law Codes895 Words   |  4 PagesLaw codes serve two major functions, to promote order and enforce stability. Not all law codes are the same. They differ depending on the influences acting upon the ruler, and the region the laws are created to work for. Even so, the laws all serve the same purpose. Like Ashoka’s Pillars and Hammurabi’s code. Asoka’s laws and Hammurabi’s laws differ on the grounds of social systems, yet relate on the idea of technolog y. The social aspects of the law codes of Hammurabi and Ashoka differ greatlyRead MoreThe Law Of The Code Of Hammurabi825 Words   |  4 PagesAs seen in both of the above mentioned law codes, different crimes have different punishments. It is more implicated than just saying severe crimes receive increasingly severe punishments. It involves the law maker’s moral principles. Looking at the Code of Hammurabi again, it can be seen that cultivated land was extremely important to life. That one tangible crop could make the difference between a healthy life and starvation. The sheer number of laws regarding farm land should be point enough toRead MoreLaw Code of Hammurabi1491 Words   |  6 Pages| Code of Hammurabi | The United States Constitution | | | Everything and everyone has a history. Things and materials do not just appear on this earth. They all have beginning. It’s very interesting to see where things got started. How we came to evolve to the way we are today. Everything is so interesting, but the thing that has caught my attention more is The Code of Hammurabi. According to Judith Levin, The Code of Hammurabi was discovered in the winter of 1902 and 1903 while diggingRead MoreBabylon: The Code of Hammurabi645 Words   |  3 PagesHammurabi ruled as king of the Babylonian Empire from 1795-1750 BCE. Hammurabi is best known for his code of law, known simply as Hammurabis Code, which outlines the basic philosophy of Babylonian criminal justice. Most notably, the eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth mentality was codified in Hammurabis doctrine. This doctrine would go on to influence the Hebrew culture and criminal justice system. It is possible that Hebraic codes of law were derived from those of Babylon during the capt ivityRead More The Code of Hammurabi Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesThe code of Hammurabi By far the most remarkable of the Hammurabi records is the code of laws, the earliest known example of a ruler proclaiming publicity to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them.1 The code was carved upon a black stone monument, eight feet high, and clearly intended to be reread in public view.2 The Code made known, in a vast number of cases, what the decision would be, and many cases