Why I Love Pakistan free essay sample

Man is a social creature. He fears living alone. He is bound up in a thousand different ways with the individuals around him. He lives with others in a general public. It is nevertheless characteristic that he adores where he and his family and his loved ones live. The nation is his home and he cherishes it more than everything else. I love Pakistan since it is my nation. It isn't just my country yet additionally my origination. I am conceived and raised on this hallowed land. I stroll on its dirt, take in its air, eat from the food delivered in its fields, wear the garments produced using its cotton, and live in a house produced using its mud and clay.The reasonable land has become tissue of my fragile living creature and bone of my bone. I love it more than my life. I love Pakistan since it is an Islamic state. We will compose a custom article test on Why I Love Pakistan or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The name of my nation is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. We have it for the sake of Islam. I am a Muslim and like to live with Muslims. There is no keep an eye on me to adore my God in this holy place where there is Pakistan. I am allowed to go to the mosque or to keep quick. I am allowed to recount the Holy Quran. I love my nation for its antiquated development. It is the place where there is the Indus Valley Civilization. The vestiges of old human progress at Taxila, Harappa and Mohenjo Daro involve extraordinary pride for all the kinsmen. Its recorded structures like the incomparable Badshahi Mosque, Shahi Fort, Shalimar Gardens, Minar-I-Pakistan, Tomb of Jehangir, Mahabat Khan Mosque and Hyderabad Fort and so forth merit seeing. The excellent view of various wellbeing resorts like Murree, Gilgat, Swat, Kaghan, Dir and Chitral and so on pull in a great many outsiders ever year.I love Pakistan since it is the place where there is our national legends. My nation is the aftereffect of their significant stretch of difficulty and battle. Among them Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Quaid-I-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal merit referencing. The fearless and valiant warriors of Pakistan battled so courageously that every last trace of its dirt is rich with their perspiration and blood. The names of Major Aziz Bhatti, Brigadier Shami, Major Tufail, Rashid Minhas, Sarwar Shaheed, Naik Mehfooz and Colonel Sher Khan have gotten unfading. I am extremely glad for them.

Free Essays on Essence

Free Essays on Essence I've generally had faith in numbers, in the conditions and rationales that lead to reason. What's more, after a lifetime of such interests I ask, what genuinely is rationale? Who chooses reason? My journey has taken me through the physical, meta-physical, the fanciful what's more, back. Also, I have made the most significant revelation of my vocation. The most significant revelation of my life. It is as it were in the secretive conditions of affection that any coherent reasons can be found. I'm just here today around evening time as a result of you. You are the explanation I'm. You are largely my reasons. Thank you...... <input type=submit class=button orange value=Read the Full Version onclick=window.location = 'https://www.free-school essays.com/signup.html'; return bogus;/>

Individual Conferences Student Writing Richmond Writing

Individual Conferences Student Writing Richmond Writing Recently I had a conversation with Dr. Jim Kinney of VCU, a rhetorician who has taught writing for several decades. As he reflected on his teaching during this time, Kinney noticed the greatest improvement in student writing when he used the Garrison method of teaching composition. Using a list of specific areas for focus such as pre-writing or invention or organization, Kinney explained that after an initial introductory period, most of the semester involved short individual conferences with students, specifically focused on addressing these aspects of writing. Intrigued, I googled the name of the method and found that JSTOR had a review of the Garrison method by Jo An McGuire Simmons published in the May 1984 issue of College Composition and Communication. In The One-to-One Method of Teaching Composition Simmons offers us a gestalt of the process: Picture a classroom of students writing. The teacher and a student, sitting side by side, are conferring intensely on a draft of the students paper. Two or three tutors may be in the room holding similar conferences. While the other sutdents are waiting for their conferences, they are writing, re-writing and, revising works in progress. What you are seeing is the Garrison or One-to-One Method at work. According to Simmons the Los Angeles Community College Distriect tested and recommended the approach in 1974 leading Roger Garrison to publish   How a Writer Works in 1981 . Simmons notes that the primary assumption behind the method is that the best way to write is by writing and rewriting. Roger Garrison thinks that the best use of class time, then, is not class discussions, nor lectures on writing, nor analysis of someone elses writing, but writing. Each conference is limited to one objective and situates the teacher in a less threatening coaching role, helping the student to recognize his own errors and find his own solutions in a series of personalized mini-lessons. Such individualized attention is a potent force in a students education and a strong draw for the schools or teachers that can provide it with some regularity. While the method increases individual student attention and decreases time required for final grading, Simmons notes several challenges to this approach. To be practiced as Garrison recommends, each teacher would need two writing consultants assigned to assist with student conferences. This approach also slows production, potentially limiting the number of assignments possible in a semester. In spite of these potential drawbacks, the Garrison method is meant to be flexibly applied according to the requirements of the context. Teachers could apply the method for a specific assignment only or throughout the semester, or the series of objectives guiding each meeting could be abbreviated.  Certainly there is no panacea for producing better writers, not classical rhetoric, not grammar, not reading the great books, not even individual conferences. Ultimately, the quality of a students writing depends on that student applying the writing strategies he has been taught.   Nevertheless, few pedagogical approaches are as effective, organic or cost-effective as increased interaction between teacher and student.

Natural Sustainability Housing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5456 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Housing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Problem Specification If everyone on the planet were to consume natural resources and generate carbon dioxide at the rate we do in the UK, we would need three planets to support us. Sustainability is becoming a central concern for all of us. It is a concern that has grown out of wider recognition that rising populations and economic development are threatening a progressive degradation of the earths resources. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Natural Sustainability Housing" essay for you Create order The construction, maintenance and use of housing impacts substantially on our environment and is currently contributing significantly to irreversible changes in the worlds climate, atmosphere and ecosystem. Housing is by far the greatest producers of harmful gases such as CO2 and this eco-footprint can only increase with the large population growth predicted to occur by 2050. What sustainability means is adapting the ways we all live and work towards meeting needs, while minimising the impacts of consumption, providing for people of today and not endangering the generations of tomorrow. A Government report on the economic impact of climate change has criticized the training and organisation of the construction industry. The Stern Report, by Sir Nichols Stern, the World Banks former chief economist, says the lack of co-ordination between elements of the industry creates poor quality, energy-inefficient housing. It says architects and other consultants require more traini ng on the principles of sustainable design and efficient technologies, and that policies need to be put in place to inform decisions made at the design stage of a building. As a result of the report, the government has set legally binding targets of a 26 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 32 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions by the year 2020 and an independent body will be introduced to advise on and monitor the Governments policies on the subject. The drive for more sustainable development is one of the defining issues of the early 21st Century. It is often said that the costs of todays lifestyles are such that future generations will pay a high price through reduced environmental quality and living standards. However, it is also perceived that the short term costs of more sustainable practices are too high to justify their application in a competitive property market. Government plans for sustainable housing applies to both new builds and existing dwellings. The construction industry as a whole is responsible for finding new materials and building methods, and the Government is tasked with educating the general public on the sustainable features they can add to their homes to ensure sustainability. Despite substantial advances in best practice, there is a lag in the application of more sustainable solutions that improve building performance beyond that required by Building Regulations. There are many reasons for this, not least a lack of client/customer demand; however, one of the most cited is that more sustainable alternatives are prohibitively expensive. Typically, cost consultants can add a significant margin of as much as 10% to capital costs to allow for more sustainable solutions. (Cyril Sweett) Often the most powerful and direct driver for addressing sustainability is that the client, funder or planning authority has made it a key project requirement. In order to meet this requirement, everyone involved in a construction project must re-thin k their operations in areas such as energy, materials, waste and pollution. For the purposes of this essay, choosing, using, re-using and recycling materials during design, manufacture, construction and maintenance to reduce resource requirements and essentially lower the costs of a project. The design of a sustainable home and the materials used during construction are key factors in reducing CO2 emissions from transport and operational energy, reducing mains water consumption, reducing the impact of materials used, reducing pollutants harmful to the atmosphere and improving the indoor environment. It is claimed all of these can be done with an increase in capital costs of just 3% (John Shore). The aim of the essay, therefore, is to examine the need for sustainable construction and to identify the real costs of sustainable solutions and thereby tackling a key barrier to the industry in advancing the sustainability agenda. Literature review There are many articles, journals and reports that look into sustainable housing in the UK, many of which begin by explaining the extent of the problems global warming will bring and how the construction industry has contributed to this. It has been well documented in the national news on a regular basis. The Climate Change Bill, which was included in the 2006 Queens speech was the beginning to the Government acting upon the information they were being given which indicated a strong need for change sooner than later. This led to reports including Low Cost Homes: economical eco-options on the rise (Hall 2007) and articles such as Green construction costs dramatically lower than believed (World Business Council for Sustainable Development 2007). This article was produced on the back of findings from a survey conducted by the WBCSD that green construction costs were being overestimated by 300%. Respondents to a 1400 person estimated the additional cost of building green at 17 % above conventional construction; more than triple the true cost difference of about 5 %. At the same time, survey respondents put greenhouse gas emissions by building at 19% of world total, while the actual number of 40% is double this. As a reaction to the article on the report on the Euractiv website, the RICS has emphasized its Green Value study, which shows that while there are signs of an increasing market value of green housing, industry stakeholders still seem to be failing to get the message across that the main beneficiaries are the housing occupants. Halls report identified the issue of the Government insisting that all new homes in Britain must be carbon-neutral by 2016, putting pressure on developers to come up with good design that doesnt cost the earth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" financially or environmentally. Hall went on to say, at the moment, going green costs money and most private sector developers are reluctant to see beyond their profits. But eco-friendly i nnovation is coming from elsewhere à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" namely social housing. Costing Green: A Comprehensive Database (Matthiessen Morris) used extensive data on building costs to compare the cost of green housing with housing comparable programs, which do not have sustainable goals. The report concluded that many projects achieve sustainable design within their initial budget, or with very small supplemental funding, which suggests that home owners are finding ways to incorporate project goals and values, regardless of budget, by making choices. The Stern Report, published by Sir Nicholas Stern Head of head of the Government economic service and advisor to the Government on the economics of climate change and development is a report that suggests that global warming could shrink the global economy by 20%. The review coincides with the release of new data by the United Nations showing an upward trend in emission of greenhouse gases à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a development for whi ch Sir Nicholas said that rich countries must shoulder most of the responsibility. The study is the first major contribution to the global warming debate by an economist, rather than an environmental scientist. Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who commissioned the report, has also recruited former US Vice-President Al Gore as an environment advisor. However, the report has sparked furious debate among economists. An example of why the report has sparked such debates is; if the economy grows at current levels, the cost of mitigation will be less than Stern estimates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" therefore we would be paying more to act now. It is said that we could save money by addressing the issues as and when they erupt. By forecasting how global warming is to affect the environment, Stern has set himself up for criticism such as this from the many people who fail to share his views and concerns. Gathering relevant information on the true costs of sustainable housing is not a probl em with so many government and independent studies/articles/journals being produced. This data can be compared against the price of housing without the sustainable goals which are found in construction pricing books such as Spons Architect and Builders Price Book (Davis Langdon). In comparing the prices the essay will either prove are falsify the hypothesis: sustainable construction can be attained with very little additional costs to that of construction without sustainable characteristics. For the purpose of this hypothesis, very little additional costs is defined as ranging from 0% 10% additional costs. Methodology Chapter 2 of this essay will be a review of the literature on sustainable construction in regards to the principles of sustainable construction, sustainable construction policies and practices in the UK and the economic benefits of sustainable construction. The results of this research show that the business benefits have been made and can be illustrated by many pioneer projects in the UK. However, the misperception of higher capital cost and the lack of awareness of market value are still significant barriers to the implement and demand for sustainable construction. It is critical, therefore, to establish the economic performance of sustainable construction in order to motivate stakeholders to consider methods of sustainable construction. This subject has been the attention of mass media in recent years meaning that existing literature such as numerous Government and independent reports as well as the Climate change Bill introduced to help prevent the situation we find our selves in environmentally from becoming worse, will be excellent sources of information to explain thoroughly why there is a need for change and what sustainable construction entails from a economic perspective. Chapter 3 will be researching the various sustainable construction materials and methods that are available to the industry. Each one of these will be looked at in detail to explain how they work, what exactly is involved with them and how they are deemed sustainable. Although they are still not widely used, there are plenty of companies offering sustainable building materials and construction services. A lot of these companies are available through online websites promoting sustainable construction and offering their services. These companies will be good ways of gathering the information needed in order to give a comprehensive review of the sustainable materials and methods that are available. Using the information gathered in chapter 3, this essay will then b e finding out the costs incurred when using these sustainable construction materials and building methods and comparing them against the non-eco-friendly methods that most contractors currently choose to incorporate. This information will make up chapter 4 and will ultimately go on to either verify or falsify the hypothesis: sustainable construction can be attained with very little additional costs to that of construction without sustainable characteristics. This structure has been carefully chosen to gain as much relevant information as possible and comparing two methods of construction against one another. In chapter 2, a review of existing literature will be used. Reasons for this are that the subject of sustainable construction and its financial factors have already been investigated and numerous authors have wrote their findings and ideas on the subject. These findings will be reviewed in order to pull out the relevant parts for this essay. Chapter 3 will consist of an in depth look into the types of sustainable materials and building methods that are available to the construction industry. This will take the form of a mix between a review of existing literature and a survey of the service providers views, feelings and attitudes towards sustainability. Chapter 4 will be a comparative analysis of sustainable building and material costs and the costs of materials and building methods without sustainable characteristics. The information found in chapter 3 will be the argument for sustainability. The argument for construction without sustainable characteristics will come from pricing books used throughout the industry. Once both sides costs have been discovered, they will be weighed up against each other which will verify or falsify the hypothesis. If sustainable construction can be provided with an extra cost of 5% or less, then the hypothesis will be verified. Introduction of Sustainable Construction In 1987, the Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, alerted the world to the urgency of making progress toward economic development that could be sustained without depleting natural resources or harming the environment. It was headed by the Norwegian Prime Minister at the time, Gro Harlem Brundtland. The report was primarily concerned with securing a global equity, redistributing resources towards poorer nations whilst encouraging their economic growth. The report also suggested that equity, growth and environmental maintenance are simultaneously possible and that each country is capable of achieving its full economic potential whilst at the same time enhancing its resource base. The report also recognised that achieving this equity and sustainable growth would require technological and social change. The report went on to highlight three primary areas where sustainable development should come from, these were, protection of the environment, economic growth and social equity. It is imperative that our environment is protected and our resource base enhanced, by gradually making the necessary changes in which we develop technologies and put them to use. Developing nations must be allowed to meet their basic needs of employment, food, energy, water and sanitation. If this is to be done in a sustainable manner, then there is a definite need for a sustainable level of population. Economic growth should be revived and developing nations should be allowed a growth of equal quality to the developing nations. The Brundtland Report has often been subject to criticism, on the grounds that many of its forecasts have not come true. However, such criticisms are perhaps missing the significance of the report and the fact that despite inaccuracies in forecasting, the Brundtland Reports premise of the need for global environmental action has not been invalidated. Back in 1994, the first sustainable construction conference was held in Tam pa, USA. This conference is seen as the starting point for the whole eco-friendly building to become a global issue. The UK construction industry has so far used sustainable construction as a way to respond to the criticism that fell upon the industry, as it were seen to be one of the main contributors to greenhouse gases. There are numerous examples of housing in the UK that have been constructed with sustainable characteristics to help provide a healthier way of living for the occupier and constructing for the developer. However, these examples tend to be bespoke designs for clients who choose themselves to build and live in a sustainable home. The idea of sustainable developments is still yet to catch on in the UK. Perceived higher risks and extra costs are the main factors in this lack of incorporation into the industry. It is becoming clear that the whole concept of sustainable construction is going to face some barriers in regards to economic justification. Incurri ng higher risks and costs is not the only issue. The market value of sustainable construction is also not being considered by clients and developers. Zhou and Lowe (2003) said: The current economic measuring too (life cycle costing), is very effective at illustrating the long term value of sustainable construction, but at the same time is limited when showing the initial cost reduction. If those involved in the UK construction industry continue to be encouraged by short term financial gain as opposed to the consequences of their actions in the long run then the future does not look too bright for the sustainable construction idea. Hydes and Creech (2000) said, Sustainability is a holistic concept that holds economic social and environmental factors in balance, moreover it is a complex concept, which is hard to define in simple terms. This statement recognises that clients and developers should not only take their financial rewards into consideration, but also they shou ld consider the consequences the environment and our society is reportedly beginning to see. Pearce et al (1989) concluded that: There have been over 200 different definitions of sustainability, making it extremely difficult to determine practical ways to support sustainability. This statement could also outline the problem that the industry has still not come to an agreement on the actual definition of sustainability, therefore, making its inception into recognised practice unlikely, as people simply dont know or dont want to know what their role could be in reducing the problems of global warming. In July 2005, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown announced that he had asked Sir Nicholas Stern to lead a major review of the economics of climate change, to understand more comprehensively the nature of the economic challenges and how they can be met, in the UK and globally. The main conclusion from the report were that 1% of global gross domestic product pe r annum was required to be invested in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change, and that failure to do so could risk global GDP being up to 20% lower than it otherwise might be. Sterns report suggested that climate change threatens to be the greatest and widest ranging market failure ever seen, and it provided prescriptions including environmental taxes to minimise the economic and social disruptions. Stern stated, Our actions over the coming few decades could create risks of major disruption to economic and social activity, later in this century and in the next, on a scale similar to those associated with the great wars and the economic depression of the first half of the 20th century. It was the findings in this report that prompted the UK Government to introduce the Climate Change Bill. It was introduced to: Combat climate change by setting annual targets for the reduction of carbon dioxide emission until 2050; to place duties on the Prime Minister regarding the reporting on and achievement of those targets; to specify procedures to be followed if the targets are not met; to specify certain functions of and provide certain powers to Members of Parliament with regard to ensuring carbon dioxide emission are reduced; to set sectoral reduction targets and targets for energy efficiency, the generation of energy from renewable sources, combined heat and power and micro-generation; and for connected purposes. This Bill was outlined in the Queens speech, and would also see the setting up of a Carbon Committee to ensure the targets are met. Announcing the Governments planned legislation for the forthcoming parliamentary session, the Queen told MPs and peers: My Government will publish a Bill on climate change as part of its policy to protect the environment, consistent with the need to secure long term energy supplies. The construction industry uses vast quantities of natural resources such as energy, water, materials and land, and p roduces large amounts of waste in the region of 70 million tonnes per annum to landfill. The Brundtland definition of sustainable development; Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs informs us that this cannot continue. There is a big difference between the environment impacts of a poorly performing building compared to what is achievable using current practice. If we are to deliver the legally binding targets set by the Government we must ensure that todays housing meet best practice (BREEAM). BREEAM is the worlds longest standing and most widely used environment assessment method for housing. It sets the standard for best practice in sustainable development and demonstrates a level of achievement. It has become the vocabulary used to describe a buildings environmental performance. The BRE Sustainable communitys team is involved with aiding local authorities, land owners and developer s to identify the relevant sustainable development opportunities available to help deliver sustainable communities. They work with them to provide assessment framework to guide the sustainable developments, and to allow developers to demonstrate the sustainability features of their proposals to the local planning authority. The benefits are said to be enormous, and cost effective. Developers can assess the sustainability of proposed designs iteratively, and understand its strengths and weaknesses. Expensive reworking is avoided by considering issues in the right stage of the design issues. The value in this approach for developers and land owners is that sustainability credentials are presented to both the local planning authority, and importantly to potential purchasers. Our homes account to some 27% of the UKs CO2 emissions and for this reason, in order to meet its targets for cutting carbon emissions by some 60% by 2050, the Government has announced that, as part of th e new Home Information Pack which all homes sold after June 1st 2007 must make available, every home should have an energy rating. The so called Energy Performance Certificate will give home buyers A to G ratings for their homes energy efficiency and carbon emissions. They will tell them current and average costs for heating, hot water and lighting in the home. This helps the Government meet the EU target for all homes having energy ratings by 2009. Changes to a currently constructed dwelling or additional features on a new build are always going to give an immediate impression of extra costs. And getting people to dig a little bit deeper into their pockets is always going to be a difficult task whatever the reason being, and the fact that the public are generally over pricing the cost of these new construction methods and features, increases the difficulty the Government have of achieving their targets. This chapter has looked into how and why sustainability has become such a big issue in recent years. The Brundtland report which is said to have started it all off was published over 20 years ago, outlined the potential problems that have begun to arise. And although a lot of what was said in the report did not happen, it cant be said that the potential environmental problems it predicted have not materialised. Chapter 3 will now go on to look at the sustainable construction methods and materials that are available to be implemented into the industries everyday life. Sustainable Construction Materials and Methods There is an urgent need to address the great challenges of our times: climate change, resource depletion, pollution, and peak oil. These issues are all accelerating rapidly, and all have strong links with the UK construction industry (SustainableBuild). There is a growing consensus from scientists and the oil industry that we are going to reach peak oil within the next twenty years, and that we might have reached this point already. Global demand is soaring, whilst global production is declining, and oil is set to become increasingly expensive and scarce. The building industry is hugely dependent on cheap oil, from the manufacture and transportation of its materials, to the machinery and tools used in demolition and construction. In the UK, it uses vast quantities of fossil fuels, accounting for over half of total carbon emissions that lead to climate change. The built environment is also responsible for significant amounts of air, soil and water pollution, and millions o f tonnes of landfill waste. This is a situation that clearly needs to change (SustainableBuild). Sustainable construction is not only a wise choice for our future; it is also a necessary choice. The construction industry must adopt eco-friendly practices and materials that reduce its impacts, before we reach a point of irreversible damage to our life supporting systems. The UK Government is beginning to recognise this urgency, and is committed to integrating green specifications into building regulations and codes, but the process of developing policy is slow. The industry needs to take its own initiative and find alternative ways to build, using green, renewable energy resources, and adopt non-polluting practices and materials that reduce, recycle and reuse, before it is too late (SustainableBuild). In the previous chapter, this essay examined current literature on sustainable construction in terms of the principles of sustainable construction, sustainable constructio n policies and practices in the UK and the economic benefits of sustainable construction. In this chapter it will now investigate the various sustainable construction materials and methods available to the industry ranging from very large complex items to small simple items. These are: Biomass roofing Solar Water and Electric Wind power Cob building Insulation materials Non-toxic paints Heat pump Green roofs Reclaimed materials Lime Using locally sourced materials Biomass roofing The use of plant materials to build the roof on a building is known as biomass roofing. Vegetation that was found locally and in abundance has been used to build roofs all over world for many years. This cultural and environmental diversity has led to a range of roofing materials and styles, from simple and short lived to the more durable and complex. Although hundreds of different plants have been used to roof houses, these can be classified into two main types: thatch and wood tiles. Thatch is one of the oldest forms of roofing, dating back thousands of years. It is found in almost every country, from savannah grasses in Africa to coconut palm fronds in the Caribbean to banana leaves in the Amazon. It was the predominant roofing material in Britain up until the 19th Century and thatched cottages remain a hallmark of the English Countryside. All sorts of plants have been used for thatching in Britain: oats, reeds, broom, heather, bracken and various grasses. But today o nly three main thatching materials are used: water reed, wheat reed and long straw. Water Reed is the most popular thatching material. Both water reed and wheat reed (actually a straw but cut with a binder and combed to give the appearance of reed) give a compact and even texture when applied to a roof. This is in contrast with long straw (wheat straw that has been threshed so that the ears and butts are mixed up together), which gives a shaggy, rounded appearance. The lifespan of thatch is around 30 to 50 years, although this varies widely depending on the skill of the thatcher, the pitch of the roof, the local climate conditions and the quality of the materials. The technique for thatching is basically the same for all materials. First the thatch is fastened together in bundles about 25 inches in diameter. Each bundle is then laid down with the butt end facing outwards, secured together to the roof beams, and pegged in place with wooden rods. Successive layers are adde d on top of each other, working from the bottom of the roof up towards the top, with a final layer used to reinforce the ridgeline. Thatch roofs can withstand high winds and heavy rains, provide good thermal insulation and are easy to repair. Thatch is light and needs only a simple support structure, and is flexible so it can be used for any roof shape. On the downside, thatching is labour intensive and a certain level of skill is required. The materials can be expensive as reeds are increasingly imported from Europe to keep up with demand. Like all biomass materials, thatch is flammable which means that building restrictions may apply and home insurance can be high. Wood tiles have been used since medieval times in Britain. They are traditionally made by hand-splitting logs into small wedge shaped pieces, but today most are manufactured by machine. There are two basic types: shingles, which are sawn, and shakes, which are split. Shakes are thicker and have a more rusti c, rough look, whilst shingles are thinner and smoother. Both come in a variety of lengths and are made from the heartwood of unseasoned wood. Hardwood is best, with cedar being the most popular, although any straight-grained wood can be used. Split bamboo can also be used to create Spanish-style tiles, and are popular in some countries, but bamboo has the disadvantage of decaying fast in wet conditions unless chemically treated. Wood tiles are laid from the bottom of the roof to the top, with each row overlapping the previous one. A cap is placed at the roof ridge. Typically tiles are nailed onto wood strips spaced a few inches apart between the roof beams, to allow air to circulate and prevent decay. Wood tiles last between 25 50 years. Like thatch, they give good insulation and are flexible so can cover any roof shape. They are highly resistant to wind, heavy snow and hail, but must be regularly cleaned of vegetative debris. They are also flammable, and building regul ations may prohibit their use in urban areas. The recognised need to use renewable resources has led to a revival of traditional, natural building methods, along with a growing market for biomass roofing. Thatch and wood tiles are not only aesthetically appealing, but are durable and biodegradable. But their sustainability value is diminished if the materials have been imported or produced and treated with chemicals. Biomass roofing is only a true sustainable solution if the materials are obtained from a local, renewable source, and are grown, harvested and manufactured in an environmentally sensitive way (SustainableBuild). Using the sun to provide energy is split into two areas, solar panels which are used for heating water, and PV cells, which are used for creating electricity. A heating system tends to cost around  £2,000 installed and can usually provide enough hot water all year round, the problem from a value point of view is that it only costs around   £100 a year to provide this anyway. PV cells create a more significant amount of electricity which may allow you to sell some of the energy you have created back to the grid. References Anke Val Haal, (1997) Sustainable Building, Vol. 3 Aye, L., Bamford, N., Charters, B. and Robinson, J., (2000) Environmentally sustainable development: a lifecycle costing approach for a commercial office building in Melbourne, Australia, Construction Management and Economics18, Taylor Francis Ltd., 927 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"934 Barlett, E. and Howard, H., (2000) Informing the decision makers on the cost and value of green building, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 315 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"324 Bon, R. and Hutchinson, K., (2000) Sustainable construction: some economic challenges, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 301- 304 BogenstÃÆ' ¤tter,U., (2000) Prediction and optimisation of life-cycle costs in early design, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 376 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 386 Bordass, W., (2000) Cost and value: fact and fiction, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 338-352 Bourdeau, L., et al (1998) Sustainable development and the future construction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a comparison of visions from various countries, CIB working commission w82 future study in construction CIB report 225 Carter, K., and Fortune, C., (2002) Sustainability: exploration in research approaches, proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of the Built and Human Environment, Salford, 472 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 483 Castillano, M., Hurley, P., and Dobrovolny, P., (2000), High Performance Building Delivers Results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Communicating Productivity Benefits of Sustainable Building to Decision Makers in the Seattle Development Industry, Seattle City Light à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Sustainable Demand Project, USA. CIB (1999) Agenda 21 on sustainable construction, CIB report publication 237, CIB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Clife, M. and Bourke, K., (1998) Study on whole life costing, BRE Report Number, CR 366/98, CRC Londo n Cole, R.J., Editorial, (2000) Cost and Value in Building Green, Building Research Information, 28(5/6) 304 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 309 Cole, R. and Sterner, E., (2000) Reconciling theory and practice of life cycle costing, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 368 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 375 Crossley, R., (2002), REPUTATION, RISK AND REWARD: The Business Case for Sustainability in the UK Property Sector, published by Sustainable Construction Task Group, BRE, UK DETR, (2000) Building a Better Quality of Life à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a strategy for More Sustainable Construction, UK Heerwagen, J., (2000) Green building, organisational success and occupant productivity, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, 353 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"367 Hill, R., and Bowen, P., (1997) Sustainable construction: Principles and a framework for attainment, Construction Management and Economics15, 223 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"239 Hydes, K. and Creec h, L., (2000) Reducing mechanical equipment cost: the economics of green design, Building Research Information28(5/6), Taylor Francis Ltd. London, pp.403 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 407 Jackson and Shipley (2007) Jackson and Shipley Builders Merchant Catalogue 2007. Lincolnshire. Johnson, S. D., (2000) The Economic Case for High Performance Housing, Corporate Environmental Strategy 7, published by Elsevier Science inc., 350 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 361 Joseph Parr (2008) Joseph Parr Builders Merchant [Internet] Available from www.jparrboro.co.uk [Accessed 4 April 2008] Keeping, M., (2000) What about demand? Do investors want sustainable building, the proceeding of The Cutting Edge 2000, Oxford Brookes University Kibert, C., (1994), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Sustainable Construction, Tampa, University of Florida, 6-9 November 1994 Langdon, D. (2008) Spons Architects and Builders Price Book 2008. 133rd Edition. London, Taylor and Francis Group. Miya take Y., (1996) Technology development and sustainable construction, Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1996, 23-27 Pearce, D. et al (1989) Blueprint for a green economy, Earthscan, London Raftery, J., (1989), Building Economics an Introduction, Oxford, UK Shiers, D., (1999) The Appraisal of Green Housing in the UK commercial property sector, the proceeding of RICS Cutting Edge 1999, RICS. 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The Security Of Network Security And Web Security - 701 Words

The network security professionals across the globe have provided details about the attacks so that the security software can be improved, however there are some shortcuts that can improve the security for the time being or if the web host has a difficulty in procuring modern security software, these techniques can help the web host to increase the security of both the web server and clients that are connected to the web server. The CRIME and BREACH attack both target compression that is either HTTPS or HTTP level, these attacks also work against a number of other compressions and connections but since HTTPS and HTTP are the most used compression levels, the security should be bolstered to protect them. The compression can simply be†¦show more content†¦The security can also be bolstered by hiring alleged attackers that can point out the weaknesses that are exploited and then these weaknesses can be strengthened by the security professionals. There are also various techniques that can stop the attacker to access the LAN router so that there is not attack initiated from the Wi-Fi of a client computer. The LAN router in public places are not extensively secure and the attackers either use these networks to initiate attack on others so that they cannot be traced or they can simply attack the users on this network to leak information that is important. The protection of HTTPS connection should also be upgraded or security add-ons should be created to protect the integrity of the browser so that the client cannot be affected by the malicious JavaScript that is sent by the attacker. There are browsers like Chrome and Mozilla which are not affected from the attack as they have extensively worked together to ensure that security is not penetrated or bypassed by the attacker. The other companies should also work in cooperation with each other to ensure that their security is paramount and that attackers are minimised. 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The History of Art, Changed Free Essays

Many artists and musicians have a claim to fame: Elvis Presley is â€Å"The King† of rock-and-roll, Michael Jackson is â€Å"The King† of pop, Miles Davis made jazz what it is today. But perhaps the only musical artists that are known for having changed an entire era of youth musically, politically, socially, and even economically are The Beatles. John, Paul, George, and Ringo are four names that when said together will, in most cases, solicit the same response: The Beatles. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Art, Changed or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was Beatlemania, Ed Sullivan, early years, transition years, drug years, war years, the fighting, and of course, the break-up. Their first appearance on â€Å"The Ed Sullivan Show† is just as vivid in the memories of baby boomers as is the memory of John F. Kennedy†s assassination. Perhaps most surprising is that The Beatles did in 8 years what most artists can†t do in a life time; they impacted youth culture and became arguably the most well known artists in history. In 1956, at the age of 16, John Lennon started a band by the name of the Quarrymen (Schaffner 12). Playing mostly in local clubs, The Quarrymen were a neighborhood band. On July 6, 1957 John Lennon would meet Paul McCartney for the first time. One of John’s band mates, Ivan Vaughan, also a friend of fifteen year old Paul McCartney, invited Paul to the St. Peter’s Church in Woolton, Liverpool where the Quarrymen would be playing. Introductions were made; Paul picked up a guitar and John was genuinely impressed with Paul, not only because he could play so well but because he could tune a guitar, a feat that the others had not yet mastered. A few days later while riding his bicycle, Paul ran into Pete Shotton, one of the Quarrymen. Pete told Paul that they had talked it over and John wanted Paul to join the band. After a moment’s contemplation, Paul replied â€Å"Oh, all right† (Goldman 72). John and Paul quickly became friends, and the historic song writing duo was born. Ivan Vaughn would go on to introduce John and Paul to George Harrison. Paul discovered that the fourteen year old George knew dozens more chords than he and John put together (Giuliano 28). George could also pick out actual solos instead of merely strumming (Goldman 75). The band†s name went from Quarrymen to The Silver Beetles, and finally to the Beatles. One of John’s rock ‘n’ roll heroes was Buddy Holly whose band was called the Crickets so John tried to dream up an insect name of his own. The result was â€Å"Beetles†, but unable to resist the pun, he changed â€Å"Beet† to â€Å"Beat†. Explained John, â€Å"When you said it, people thought of crawly things, when you read it it was beat music† (Schaffner 19). Members were added and thrown out of the group eventually leaving only John, Paul, and George. On a brief outing to Hamburg, the three members would meet a drummer by the name of Richard Starkey, later to be known as Ringo Starr. He got the name â€Å"Ringo† for the many rings he wore on his fingers. On January 24, 1962, the Beatles signed a management contract with Brian Epstein. How to cite The History of Art, Changed, Essay examples

PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA MADRE Y MAESTRA Essays -

PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA MADRE Y MAESTRA CAMPUS SANTO TOMAS DE AQUINO DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDIOS HUMANIDADES INTRODUCCION A LA HISTORIA DOMINICANA (HG-103-T-0 21 ) Tema: La Era de Trujillo Luis Eduardo Javier Matricula: 2015-5900 Profesora: Dinorah Pereyra Fecha de Entrega: 1 4/04 /2016 La Era de Trujillo Antes de hablar de la Era de Trujillo debemos saber quien fue, que hizo y por que su dictadura fue una de las mas sangrientas en la historia de America Latina. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, nacido el 24 de octubre de 1891 en San Cristobal, fue un militar y politico dominicano, que goberno como dictador de la Republica Dominicana desde 1930 hasta su asesinato en 1961 . Ejercio la presidencia como generalisimo del ejercito entre los periodos 1930-1938 y 1942-1952 y goberno de forma indirecta durante los periodos 1938-1942 y 1952-1961, valiendose de presidentes titeres. Sus 31 anos en el poder se conocen como la Era de Trujillo, un largo periodo dictatorial, durante el cual el pueblo dominicano sufrio en su mayoria un sinnumero de atropellos, desigualdad social y una economia monopolizada por la familia del Dictador. Entre los mecanismos utilizados para la represion de sus opositores podemos encontrar , el Servicio de Inteligencia Milita, que se encargaba de apresar a los opositores del regimen, llevandolos a la Carcel de la 40 donde serian inhumanamente torturados . Trujillo siempre mostro preocupacion por la inmigracion haitiana a la Republica Dominicana y sobre la base de esto, desarrollo una politica xenofoba en el pais. Dicha politica iba dirigida, por supuesto, a los habitantes del pais vecino aunque tambien afecto a dominicanos de piel significativamente oscura. En octubre de 1933 viajo a Haiti para reunirse con HYPERLINK "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9nio_Vincent" \o "Stenio Vincent" Stenio Vincent, presidente del vecino pais en ese entonces. Trujillo le propuso a Vincent revisar el acuerdo anterior de 1929 con relacion a los limites de la frontera dominico-haitiana. Vincent acepto y en marzo de 1936 ambos presidentes firmaron un nuevo acuerdo que establecio nuevos limites en la frontera. Desde el 28 de septiembre al 8 de octubre de 1937, Trujillo decidio el genocidio de miles de haitianos que vivian en la zona de la frontera dominicana conHaitien un evento conocido como laMasacre del PerejiloEl Corte, donde tropas del ejercito dominicano mataron, segun estimados, entre 15 y 20,000 personas.Este hecho intento ser justificado con el pretexto de eliminar infiltraciones conspirativas y como una represalia por la idea de que el gobierno haitiano cooperaba con un plan de exiliados dominicanos que buscaban derrocarlo desde la vecina nacion. El dictador se habia convertido en una vergenza para los Estados Unidos, situacion que se fue haciendo cada vez mas tensa a raiz del atentado contra Romulo Betancourt. El viernes 25 de noviembre de 1960, el brutal asesinato de las tresHermanas Mirabal, Patria, Minerva y Maria Teresa, opositoras a la dictadura, aumento aun mas el descontento hacia esta. El martes 30 de mayo de 1961, a las 9:45 de la noche, en el kilometro 9 de la carretera de Santo Domingo a San Cristobal, el auto en el que viajaba Trujillo fue ametrallado en unaemboscadaurdida por Modesto Diaz, Salvador Estrella Sadhala,Antonio de la Maza,Amado Garcia Guerrero, Manuel Caceres Michel, Juan Tomas Diaz, Roberto Pastoriza, Luis Amiama Tio,Antonio Imbert Barrera, Pedro Livio Cedeno y Huascar Tejeda. El vehiculo recibio mas de 60 impactos de bala de diversos calibres, de los cuales siete impactaron el cuerpo del dictador causandole la muerte. Su chofer, Zacarias de la Cruz, recibio varios impactos, pero no perdio la vida, aunque fue dado por muerto por los ajusticiadores. Con este ensayo, espero que el lector se informe sobre los hechos ocurridos durante la Dictadura, que saque sus propias conclusiones al momento de juzgar el Gobierno de Trujillo, y que al hacerlo, se llene de orgullo patriotico para asi buscar un cambio para la actual situacion politico-economica que atravesamos nosotros los dominicanos.